Characteristics of physical resources that facilitate family-led music-making with preschool children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities

BACKGROUND: Families of preschool-aged children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities often face challenges in shared music-making at home. Music therapist facilitated resources can support this process, yet little is known about what makes these tools effective within family contexts. METHOD: A qualitative multiple case study was conducted with four families of preschool-aged children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities in Aotearoa New Zealand. Data from interviews, session notes, and a reflexive journal were analysed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis. RESULTS: Six characteristics of physical resources facilitated family-led music-making: (i) easy to use (ii) customised to family priorities; (iii) reflected family identity; (iv) supported family system engagement; (v) supported caregiver confidence; and (vi) supported both musical and non-musical goals. CONCLUSION: The findings highlight how well-designed, adaptable, and culturally attuned music therapy resources can strengthen family participation, enhance caregiver confidence, and embed therapeutic music-making within everyday home life.